Combined impulse and reaction turbine.



C. PPBNNINGER.

WITNESSES ATTORNES.

.PATENTED FEB. 20, 1906.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CARL PFENNINGER, 0F MUNICH, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR 'lO MELMS & IFENNINHER. (.lESELLSU-HAFT-Ml'l BESUHRKNK'IER IlAI-"IUNG, 0F

MUNIUH-HIRSCHAU, BAVARIA.

GERMANY.

COMBINED IMPULSE AND REACTION TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 20, 1906.

Application filed December "I. 1905. Serial No. 290,792-

provements in a Combined Impulse and Reaction Turbine; and I do hereby declare the 5 following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to improvements in combined impulse and reaction turbines, the

object bein to overcome the difficulties pre sented in te construction of the multiplest-age turbine-drum on which the blades of the reaction-tui'bine are fixed.

According to this invention it is proposed to construct the drum or portion of the shaft carrying the various blades in a combined impulse and reaction turbine of uniform di ameter, or nearlv so, over the entire length occu ied by the inganges. exam le-fiows in one direction through the irppu se-turbine and part of the reaction-turbme and then in the opposite direction through the other part of the rcactionturbine, the steam thus traversing the two porj tions of the reaction-turbine in opposite directions. The subdivision of the reactionturbine is calculated in such a manner that the two opposed end pressures resulting therein counterbalance each other, and the shaft of the turbine is therefore freed from end thrusts. The impulse-blades are continued until that portion of the turbine is reached at which the full etlect of the actuati which Ira bying fluid on the blades is obtained. at point the reaction-blades commence.

rinth packing-flanges are provided at all necessary points on the drum and shaft.

In the accompanying drawing. which illustrates partly diagrammatically one embodiment of the invention, (1 indicates the steambladcs and labrvrinth pack- 3 The actuating fluid-steanufor j admission port; b, the impulse-blades; c, that i part of the reaction-turbine traversed by the steam in the same direction as the impulse 1 blades; 6 that part of the reaction-turbine l which is traversed by the steam in the oppoi site direction. l d and d are labyrinth packing-fie es.

l through which the shaft passes from the inside of the casing, and g g the bearings in which the shaft is mounted.

By means of the arrangement described it is possible to have a smooth drum for all the ,blades in common and of c ual, or nearly equahdiameter throughout, w iich drum may be easily produced from a tube of suitable material, such as wrought-iron or the like.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States of America, is

i 1. In an impulse and reaction turbine, the combination of a drum of approximately equal diameter throughout its length, a stepped casing in which said drum rotates, a series of impulse-blades carried by said drum and casing, a series of reaction-blades also carried by said drum and casing and forming I a continuation of the impulse-blades and a furthcr series of reaction-blades oppositely arrnn ed to the first series.

2. u an impulse and reaction turbine, the combination of a drum of approximately equal diameter throughout its length, a stepped casing in which said drum rotates, a series of impulse and reaction blades curried j b\ said drum and casing,and a further series oi reaction-blades at the opposite end of the drum and casin connected to the first series by a passa e, w ercby the steam is caused to first travel through the impulse-blades then through the first set of reaction-blades and thence backward through the passage to the second set of reactirm-blades.

3. In an impulse and reaction turbine the 1 combination of a drum of a proximately equal diameter throughout its cngth, :1 casing comprising sepurntc chambers, impulse and reaction blades carried by one chamber 0 is the exhaust, f f the stufiingaxes,-

g ammo and impulse-blndcs only by the other cham- In testimon that I claim the foregoing as her, the two sets of impulsc-bladesbeing conmy invention have signed my nmnoin prosnected by u pnssu e an able of reversin the once of two subscribing witnesses.

direction of trove of tiie fluid and paw tings C. ll ENNlNGER. formed of labyrinth flanges between the drum Witnesses:

and easing at the points where the passage of ULYSSEB J. BYWA'IER,

fluid is to be checked. ABRAHAM Soumswomn 

